Catnip has a fascinating effect on many cats, causing behavioral changes due to a chemical compound found in the plant. Here’s a comprehensive overview of what catnip does to cats:
How Catnip Works
Catnip (Nepeta cataria) contains a volatile oil called nepetalactone, which is the primary compound responsible for its effects on cats[1][2]. When cats smell catnip:
- Nepetalactone enters the cat’s nasal tissue
- It binds to protein receptors that stimulate sensory neurons
- These neurons send signals to the brain, particularly the amygdala and hypothalamus
- This triggers a response similar to that caused by feline pheromones[2][7]
Effects on Cats
The effects of catnip can vary between individual cats, but common reactions include:
- Rolling, flipping, and rubbing against the catnip
- Increased playfulness and activity
- Vocalizations (meowing or growling)
- Drooling
- Relaxation or zoning out
- In some cases, aggression[1][2][4]
These effects typically last for about 10 minutes, after which the cat becomes temporarily immune to catnip for about 30-60 minutes[1][2].
Why Cats React to Catnip
The exact reason for cats’ reaction to catnip is not fully understood, but it’s believed that:
- Catnip mimics feline sex hormones, causing behaviors similar to those of a female cat in heat
- It stimulates the “happy” receptors in the cat’s brain
- The response is hereditary, with about 70-80% of cats being affected by catnip[1][2][7]
Factors Affecting Catnip Response
Not all cats react to catnip in the same way:
- Kittens under 3-6 months old typically don’t respond to catnip
- About 20-30% of adult cats show no reaction to catnip due to genetics
- The response can vary based on the individual cat’s personality[2][9]
Safety and Usage
Catnip is generally considered safe for cats:
- It’s non-addictive and harmless in most cases
- Cats can eat catnip, but ingesting large amounts may cause mild digestive upset
- It can be used in various forms: fresh plants, dried herbs, sprays, or infused toys
- Catnip can be a useful tool for training and enrichment[1][4][5]
In conclusion, catnip provides a unique, enjoyable experience for many cats, stimulating their senses and often inducing playful or relaxed behaviors. While its effects are temporary and harmless, it’s an interesting phenomenon that continues to fascinate both cat owners and researchers alike.
Citations:
[1] https://www.webmd.com/pets/cats/catnip-effects-on-cats
[2] https://www.cats.org.uk/cats-blog/why-do-cats-go-crazy-for-catnip
[3] https://www.dailypaws.com/cats-kittens/behavior/cat-psychology/what-does-catnip-do-to-cats
[4] https://www.petmd.com/cat/general-health/what-is-catnip
[5] https://www.smalldoorvet.com/learning-center/medical/catnip/
[6] https://www.reddit.com/r/askscience/comments/fsjpr5/what_does_catnip_actually_do_to_cats/
[7] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats/
[8] https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/what-does-catnip-do-to-cats/
[9] https://www.purina.co.uk/articles/cats/behaviour/understanding-cats/cats-and-catnip
[10] https://www.metrovetchicago.com/services/cats/blog/catnip-and-your-cat-what-it-what-it-does-and-why-it-doesnt-affect-all-cats
[11] https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2022/07/05/what-does-catnip-do-cats/7790124001/
