Cats knead for several reasons, and while the exact motivations can vary, several theories help explain this behavior.
Origins and Instincts
Kneading, often referred to as “making biscuits,” is a behavior that originates in kittenhood. Kittens knead their mother’s belly to stimulate milk flow while nursing. This action is associated with comfort and bonding, as it releases oxytocin in both the kitten and the mother, reinforcing their bond[1][2][3].
Adult Behavior and Neoteny
Many cats continue to knead into adulthood due to a phenomenon called neoteny, where juvenile behaviors are retained. This can be because these behaviors provide comfort and are associated with positive experiences from their early life. Adult cats knead when they feel safe, content, and relaxed, often while purring or preparing to sleep[1][2][3].
Communication and Affection
Kneading can also be a form of communication. Cats have scent glands in their paws, and when they knead, they release pheromones that mark their territory. This behavior can signal that a particular area or person is familiar and safe, effectively marking their territory[2][4][6]. Additionally, kneading on a person can be a sign of affection and bonding, indicating that the cat feels comfortable and trusts the individual[1][2][3].
Comfort and Nesting
Another theory suggests that kneading is a nesting behavior inherited from wild ancestors. Wild cats would knead grass or foliage to create a comfortable sleeping area. Domestic cats might knead blankets, pillows, or even their owners to create a cozy spot before lying down[3][5][7].
Stretching and Physical Benefits
Kneading also serves a physical purpose. It helps stretch a cat’s muscles and joints, which can be particularly beneficial after a long nap. This stretching can be part of a cat’s routine to stay limber and comfortable[6][7].
Responses to Kneading
While kneading is generally a positive behavior, it can sometimes be painful due to a cat’s claws. To manage this, you can keep your cat’s claws trimmed and provide a thick blanket for them to knead on. It’s important not to punish the cat for kneading, as it is a natural and comforting behavior for them[1][2][8].
In summary, cats knead for a variety of reasons, including comfort, communication, affection, and physical benefits. This behavior is deeply rooted in their instincts and early life experiences, making it an important part of their overall well-being.
Citations:
[1] https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-cats-knead-like-theyre-making-biscuits/
[2] https://theconversation.com/why-do-cats-knead-192743
[3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kneading_%28cats%29
[4] https://www.purina.co.uk/articles/cats/behaviour/understanding-cats/why-do-cats-knead
[5] https://www.bluecross.org.uk/advice/cat/behaviour-and-training/why-do-cats-knead
[6] https://thevets.com/blog/cat-kneading/
[7] https://www.webmd.com/pets/cats/what-to-know-kneading-cats
[8] https://www.aaha.org/resources/is-my-cats-kneading-normal/
